Connecting the dots Connecting the dots

net fluid balance: calculated by subtracting total output from total intake. How many mL should the nurse record as the client's net intake: 540, 250, 100 = 890 Peritoneal dialysis: allows waste products to be removed from the bloodstream through the semipermeable membrane of the peritoneum. Dialysate (ie. dialysis fluid) is infused into the peritoneal cavity, retained for a prescribed dwell tim..

Semi-Fowler position: 30-45degreeCirrhosis of the liverAscitesRestraintsPostoperative. (thyroidectomy, mastectomy) Fowler position: 45~60 degree : improving oxygenation High-fowler posion: 60~90 degree: Allows for maximum lung expansionpromotes oxygenationindications (Dyspnea, Chronic respiratory conditions)Tripod positionFacilitates lung expansiondecreasing diaphragmatic pressure produced by th..

**During the second stage of labor. After birth of the fetal head, the nurse notes retraction of the head toward the maternal perineum.산모의 회음부를 향해 얼굴이 수축됨. ** difficult birth.1. Obstetrical emergency-Fetal head emerges but the anterior shoulder remains wedged behind the maternal symphysis pubis  2. Clinical Featuresi) Protracted laborii) Slow fetal descentiii) Fetal head retraction back toward t..

Life-threatening complication. happen suddenly.Lack of insulin -> intracellular starvation -> body breaks down fat for energy -> high levels of acidic ketones (metabolic acidosis)Kidneys react by increasing excretion of excess glucose -> diuresis -> dehydration -> hypovolemic shockRisk factors:1. type 1 diabetes mellitus as a first-time presentation 2. Not taking prescribed insulin3. Physical st..

1. Clinical FeaturesPositive/Psychotic symptomsPathologic excess ( Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized thought/incoherent speech, Disorganized/agitated behavior )Disorganized thought/incoherent speech (Loose associations: derailment, no locial flow, Neologisms:New words, Tangentiality: diverges from the main topic, word salad: jumbling with no meaning, Echo...)Negative symptomsPathologic def..

1. Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) -> medical emergency!2. Causei) Increased internal pressure within an enclosed fascial space (ie. compartment) - bleeding, edemaii) decreased compartment size by external pressure - restrictive dressing, casts.(too tight)iii) incresed swelling ->compression of arteries and nerves -> ischemia and impaired nerve function 3. Risk Factors-Burns (eschar)-Musculoske..

Sickle cell disease is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by RBCs that become sickle-shaped, rather than oval, when deoxygenated, dehydration, stress(eg. infection), and hypoxia cause sickled RBCs to clump together and obstruct blood flow, causing episodes of acute pain.Thick and sticky blood.Severe pain due to impaired capillary blood flow (ie. vasoocclusion) and tissue ischemia. -> may ..

Stroke: cerebrovascular accident! (CVA)It is a condition that develops when blood rich in oxygen can NOT reach brain cells (due to either a blockage or bleeding). This causes the BRAIN CELLS TO DIE.