[Mental] ADHD:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

May be caused by a deficiency in neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine

 

Diagnostic criteria:

1. inattention, distractibility, hyperactivity

2. symptoms: last more than 6 months, are present in at least 2 environments, present before age 12, not better explained by substance use, medical condition, or mental disorder, cause significant distress or impairment. 

 

Clinical Features

1. Inattention (> 6 symptoms)

-Difficulty maintaining focus

-dose not listen or follow instructions

-forgetful, loses things

-disorganized

2. Hyperactivity/impulsiveness (more than 6 symptoms)

-interrupts others, blurts out answers.

-talk excessively

-fidgety restless

-on the go, driven by a motor

 

Nursing interventions.

1. Psychotherapy

-Behavioral therapy (eg. positive reinforcement)

2. Pharmacotherapy

-Stimulants: Methylphenidate, amphetamines

-SNRIs(Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors): Atomoextine -> less side effects

3. May need lifelong treatment

4. Daily ..

Highly structured environment: 예문: Create a structured and consistent environment with a daily schedule.

Consistent hom and classroom environment

Minimize distractions (eg. turn off TV)

Environmental and physical safety measures.

Regular and frequent breaks in activity

Medication teaching

  -medication leads to appetite suppression and weight loss: Take with or after meals rather than before, Nutritious snacks in the evening, Frequent small meals with healthy "on the go"(항상 활동적이고 바쁜상태) snacks

  -Nervousness and insomnia: Administer medication