[Pediatrics] Acute Pediatric Epiglottitis 후두개염

Pathophysiology

-inflammation of the epiglottis

-Typically caused by bacterium, HiB(Haemophilus influenzae type B)

-Vaccination can prevent (during the 2- and 4-month visits)

-Medical emergency

 

toxic and very suddenly

 

Clinical features

-Sudden-onset fever

-Sore throat

-Toxic appearance: Agitated, Restless, Anxious.

-Tripod position, which opens the airway and helps airflow!!

-4 D's: Drooling, Dysphonia(ie, muffled voice), Dysphagia(ie, difficulty swallowing), Distress, respiratory(eg, retractions, stridor, tachypnea) -> Medical emergency

 

Nursing Intervention

Maintain patient airway

-Prepare for potential endotracheal intubation

-Tracheostomy if intubation is unsuccessful due to swelling

Initiate cardiac monitoring and pulse oximetry

Avoid placing supine and allow the child to remain in tripod position.

Administer IV antibiotics and fluids; keep NPO

Administer supplemental oxygen via mask or blow-by to avoid further agitation.

Avoid placing foreign objects in mouth during assessment (eg, tongue depressor, throat culture swab, temperature probe) due to risk of laryngeal spasm.