IELTS/Writing

[Writing Task 2 ] #1

선키 2024. 6. 4. 15:56

 

Band descriptor for Task 2

 

[FOR band 7]

Task Achievement

- address all parts of the task

- presents a clear position throughout the response

- presents, extends and support main ideas, but there may be a tendency to overgeneralize and/or supporting ideas may lack focus

 

Coherenece and Cohesion

- logically organizes information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout 

- uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use

- presents a clear central topic within each paragraph.

 

Lexical Resource

- uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision

- uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation

- may produce occational errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation

 

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

- uses a variety of complex structures

- produces frequent error-free sentences

- has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors

 

[FOR Task 2]

▶ Students should know the instruction words.

example) Discuss both views, To what extent do you agree or disagree, Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages

 

주제 / 유형

[Thesis statement가 아래의 종류에 따라 갈림]

  • 내 의견을 써야 하는 Essay
    • Agree or disagree :
      • Everyone should stay in school until they reach the age of 18.
      • To what extent do you agree or disagree? 
    • discussion :
      • Some people think that dangerous sports should be banned while others believe that people should choose the sports activities freely. 
      • Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
    • direct question (two-way essay) :
      • Space tourism has been possible for some time. Some people believe that space tourism will probably be developed. 
      • Is this a positive or negative development.
    • advantages and disadvantages :
      • In many countries, many students take a gap year after finishing secondary schools and entering universities.
      • Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages?
  • 내 의견을 쓰지 않아야 하는 Essay
    • Reason and Solution
      • More and more animal species are being extinct because of human activities on land and seas.
      • Why is this happening? What are solutions for this problem?
    • Problem and Prevention
      • In modern society, many people complain that they lack sleep. What problems can sleeplessness cause?
      • What can be done to alleviate the issue?
    • Cause and effect
      • Nowadays, the tradition of having meal with family is disappearing.
      • What are the causes? How can this affect individuals and family relationships?

▶ Regardless of the essay topic, the introduction is two or three sentences

1st Background sentence (...Controversial...)

2nd Paraphrase sentence

3rd Thesis sentence

 

 

Introduction (40-50 words)
1) General statement: 주제 paraphrasing ( i. 동의어처리 ii. 문장 구조나 품사 변경 iii. 관점 변경 )
2) Thesis statement: 문제 유형에 따른 "논제"

 

1. General statement:

 

누군가의 주장을 언급할 때

It is believed that "paraphrasing sentence"

It is considered by some people that "paraphrasing sentence"

People often argue that "paraphrasing sentence"

 

특정 사실을 언급할 때

It is observed that "paraphrasing sentence"

It is commonly seen that "paraphrasing sentence"

It is often shown that "paraphrasing sentence"

 

2. Thesis statement:

 

1) Agree / disagree:To what extent do you agree or disagree

-I agree/disagree with this opinion as I think that~

-I partially agree with this view as I believe that~

 

2) Discussion: Discuss both views and give your opinion

-Both views will be discussed, and I believe that the former view/the latter view is more persuasive.

3) Direct quesion

3-1) Is this a positive or negative development?

-In my opinion, this trend seems mainly positive / negative

-In my opinion, this trend will have a positive / negative impact.

3-2) Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative development?

-There are some reasons for this trend, and I believe that it is a positive / negative development.

4) Advantages & Disadvantages: Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

-There are both merits and demerits, and I think that the benefits/drawbacks are greater than its/the benefits/drawbacks.

5) Reason & Solution: Why is this happening? What are the solutions?

-There are some reasons why this phenomenon occurs, but there are also some solutions to tackle the issue.

6) Problem & Prevention: What problems can be caused? How can it be prevented?

-Some problems can be caused by this phenomenon, but there are some ways to alleviate the issue.

7) Cause & effect: Why is this happening? What are the impacts?

-There are some reasons why this phenomenon occurs, and some impacts can be shown due to this trend.

 

▶ Make sure your opinion is clearly stated in your thesis sentence and maintained throughout the essay.

▶ Make sure you present, extend, and support each point.

Main body 1 (80-100 words)
1) Topic sentence (To begin with,  / discussion일 경우 On the one hand, )
2) Main idea 1 (First of all, )

3) Supporting idea 1
4) Main idea 2 (In addition, )
5) Supporting idea 2
Main body 2 (80-100 words) : 본론 1에서 제시한 관점과는 반대되는 관점 제시
1) Topic sentence (Nevertheless, / discussion일 경우 On the other hand, / Cause and effect 일 경우 As a result, )
2) Main idea 1 (First and foremost, )
3) Supporting idea 1
4) Main idea 2 (Moreover,)
5) Supporting idea 2
Conclusion (30-40 words)
1) 정리문장 : Topic sentence 재언급 ( Main idea는 반복 금지) (In conclusion, )
2) 마무리 문장 : 주제에 대한 제안 또는 경향 예측으로 마무리 (Thus, Hence, 그러므로)

Supporting idea:

To be specific,

To illustrate, 

In other words, 

This is because,

In this respect,

For example,

For instance,

Introduction It is believed that~ General statement. Thesis statement.
Main body 1 To begin with, topic sentence. First of all, main idea1. supporting idea1. 
Secondly, main idea2. supporting idea2.
Main body 2 Nevertheless, topic sentence. First and foremost, main idea1. supporting idea2.
In addition, main idea2. supporting idea2.
Conclusion In conclusion, although 반대주장, 내주장 다시 정리
Hence, [suggestion/prediction]

 

 

Category 1: Discussion type Essay
Guidelines
▶ Under discussion essays, the student is expected to discuss both sides of the issues raised in the topic and clearly state his/her opinion.
▶ Students can emphasize the side they support more by making it stronger. 
Structure
▶ Introduction
- Background sentence
- Paraphrase sentence
- Thesis sentence (Your opinion)

▶ Body 1
- Topic sentence
- Present the 1st view
- Extend with reasons/explanation

▶ Body 2
- Topic sentence 
- Present the 2nd view in the topic (your side)
- Extend the idea with reasons/ explanation
- Support the idea with example
Conclusion
- Restate your opinion and summarize main body paragraphs
Model Answer
Some scientists think that very soon computers will be more intelligent than humans. While some people think it is a positive development, others say it has adverse effects. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(instruction sentence)

There are growing concerns that sooner or later, computer intelligence might surpass human capacity. (BACKGROUND SENTENCE)
While some are of the opinion that such a development is advantageous, others have contrary views. (PARAPHRASE SENTENCE)
This essay will examine both arguments and conclude that artificial intelligence has negative effects on our society.(THESIS SENTENCE)

To begin with, it is widely acknowledged that if computers became superior to human beings, this would definitely have positive impacts on people. (TOPIC SENTENCE)
This is because scientists believe that advanced technology could help companies to increase work efficiency and productivity. (1ST PRESENT SENTENCE)
Clearly, robots can work around the clock, unlike humans.(EXTEND SENTENCE)
Another merit is that computer intelligence can narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.(2ND PRESENT SENTENCE)
To be specific, artificial intelligence could lead to the mass production of goods and services. (EXTEND SENTENCE)
This would trigger a massive drop in the prices of consumables.(SUPPORT) 

Nevertheless, I believe that having smarter computers would have adverse impacts on humanity.(TOPIC SENTENCE)
Firstly, supercomputers could diminish the real value of human creativity and imagination as people would heavily rely on machines.(1ST PRESENT SENTENCE) 
Therefore, humans would become less creative.(EXTEND SENTENCE)
Secondly, if computer knowledge surpasses humans,there would be the likelihood that employees would be lost since human labour can be replaced by machines. (2ND PRESENT SENTENCE)
In South Korea, about 50% of workplaces in the business sector are already considering the introduction of cutting-edge technologies that could effectively and precisely deal with financial analyses.(SUPPORT SENTENCE)
So, employees might lose their jobs as well as lose their artistic ability due to computers. (SUMMARY SENTENCE)

To surmise, there is a compelling argument that the growth of computer intelligence would undoubtedly bring benefits; however, I contend that this could potentially pose a threat to human development and employability. (CONCLUSION)

 

Homework
Some scientists think that very soon computers will be more intelligent than humans. While some people think it is a positive development, others say it has adverse effects. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
As technology has been significantly developed over the dacades, it is expected that computers with high-technology would exceed humans within the close future. Although some people consider this opinion as a positive view, others think that it is not beneficial to people. This essay will examine both arguments and conclude that exceeding technology over humans would be negative impacts on human itself.

positive: 
decreasing labor time, cost-effective -> improving QoL
difficult decision making -> decrease human-error 
  
negative:
lead social problems such as unemployment or frequent layoff -> make society unstable 
lose controlling AI could make dangerous situation. Not humans first, but AI first -> 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Punctuation 구두법. 영어작문에서 필수적. 

 

1. Full stop (period).

2. Colons (:)       semicolons(;)

 2-1) colons introduce information or explanations 정보를 더 제공하거나 설명할 때 사용.

   -> These are main themes of the novel: family, friendship and racism.

   -> Tropical rainforests are facing a serious problem: deforestation on a large scale.

 2-2) semicolons join two sentences into one longer sentence. 이 경우 문장들은 똑같은 내용을 다뤄야 하며, 중요도는 같음.

   -> Orwell wrote 'Animal Farm' in 1943; it was difficult for him to find a publisher.

3. Comma (,)

 3-1) Commas separate items in a list

e.g. Floods damage houses farms roads and bridges. 여기에서는 콤마가 필요 없음

Floods damage houses, farms, roads and bridges. -> final listed item앞에 and 또는 or를 붙이고 걔네가 있으면 콤마는 필요 없음.

 3-2) A comma combines two points

문장 두개 쓸 경우 접속사 connective 쓰고, 쉼표도 필요함.

and/but/so 와 같은 짧은 접속어구 쓸때 ~~, so ~~

더 긴 연결어구 (however, nevertheless, therefore 등)이 문장 맨 앞에 나올 때.

Nevertheless,~

 3-3) Commas separate extra information. 문장 안에서 정보를 나누기 위해 쉼표 2개를 사용해서 내용을 분리함.

e.g. The animals, led by Snowball, planned a revolution.

 3-4) The extra information can begin or end the sentence.

e.g. When they had discussed the issues, the leaders signed the agreement.

One leader refused to sign the agreement, which caused a problem.